EXTRACCIÓN DE FIBRAS DE CELULOSA DEL TALLO DE CÁÑAMO (Cannabis sativa L.) MEDIANTE TRATAMIENTO QUÍMICO PARA SU APLICACIÓN TEXTIL

Hugo Solís García; Brenda Serrano Iguasnia; Andrés De la Rosa Martínez; Diego Montesdeoca Espín; Stalin Suntaxi Crisanto; Kathia Cifuentes Benavides; David Gonzalez Benitez; Gabriela Gualpás Castillo

doi:10.47187/perf.v1i33.317

Authors

Hugo Solís García Univerdad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Quito, Ecuador
Brenda Serrano Iguasnia Univerdad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Quito, Ecuador
Andrés De la Rosa Martínez Univerdad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Quito, Ecuador
Diego Montesdeoca Espín Univerdad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Quito, Ecuador
Stalin Suntaxi Crisanto
Kathia Cifuentes Benavides Univerdad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Quito, Ecuador
David Gonzalez Benitez Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Agricolas, Quito, Ecuador
Gabriela Gualpás Castillo Universidad de Especialidades Turísticas UDET, Gestión Medioambiental, Quito, Ecuador

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47187/perf.v1i33.317

Keywords:

Hemp fiber, Alkaline hydrolysis, Textile new materials, Alpha-cellulose content

Abstract

Natural cellulose fibers exhibit ideal properties for the development of innovative materials due to their sustainability, renewability, and low production cost. This study aims to obtain cellulose fibers from the bast of industrial hemp through oxidative alkaline hydrolysis followed by acid hydrolysis. The optimal conditions for maximizing alpha-cellulose content were determined through chemical characterization. The biomass underwent physical description, proximate analysis, and alkaline pretreatment to obtain the average percentage of usable bark (56.07 ± 0.002) %. An experimental design was conducted to evaluate alkali concentration (NaOH: 2–10% w/v), treatment time (30–120 min), and acid hydrolysis conditions. The obtained fibers were subjected to a physical evaluation of yield, color, and fiber release. Chemical characterization was performed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to determine lignocellulosic composition and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to confirm lignin removal through the functional groups of hemp fibers. Statistical analysis revealed that the optimal treatment conditions were 10% NaOH and 120 minutes of alkaline hydrolysis, resulting in an average alpha-cellulose content of 75.11 ± 1.08%.

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