EXTRACCIÓN DE FIBRAS DE CELULOSA DEL TALLO DE CÁÑAMO (Cannabis sativa L.) MEDIANTE TRATAMIENTO QUÍMICO PARA SU APLICACIÓN TEXTIL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47187/perf.v1i33.317Palabras clave:
Fibra de cáñamo, Hidrólisis alcalina, Nuevos materiales textiles, Contenido en alfa-celulosaResumen
Las fibras de celulosa naturales presentan propiedades ideales para el desarrollo de materiales innovadores, por su sostenibilidad, renovabilidad y bajo costo de producción. Este estudio tiene como objetivo obtener fibras de celulosa a partir del líber de la planta de cáñamo industrial mediante hidrólisis alcalina oxidativa seguida de hidrólisis ácida. Se determinaron las condiciones óptimas para maximizar el contenido de alfa-celulosa mediante caracterización química. La biomasa se sometió a un proceso de descripción física, análisis inmediato y pretratamiento alcalino para obtener el porcentaje medio de corteza aprovechable (56,07 ± 0,002) %. Se realizó un diseño experimental para la concentración de álcali (NaOH: 2 - 10 % p/v), tiempo (30 - 120 minutos) y las condiciones de hidrólisis ácida. Las fibras obtenidas se sometieron a una evaluación física de rendimiento, color y liberación de fibra. Se caracterizaron químicamente mediante análisis termogravimétrico (TGA) para determinar la composición lignocelulósica y espectroscopia infrarroja por transformada de Fourier (FTIR) para confirmar la eliminación del material lignínico a través de los grupos funcionales de las fibras de cáñamo. El análisis estadístico reveló que las condiciones óptimas fueron 10% de NaOH y 120 minutos de hidrólisis alcalina, obteniendo un contenido de alfa-celulosa del 75,11 ± 1,08%.
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