PRODUCCIÓN DE HIDRÓGENO A PARTIR DE BIOMASA POR MEDIO DE FERMENTACIÓN OSCURA: UNA REVISIÓN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47187/perf.v1i30.237Palabras clave:
Hidrógeno, fermentación oscura, medio ambiente, biomasa y energíaResumen
El hidrógeno es un vector energético y una materia prima industrial que se puede obtener por diferentes métodos, entre los que se tiene la fermentación oscura, y a partir de diferentes fuentes de biomasa, donde las condiciones y el rendimiento se ven afectados por el pH, el inóculo, el sustrato, los nutrientes, la temperatura y el tipo de reactor. Los géneros bacterianos Enterobacter, Bacillus y Clostridium, dadas sus características fisicoquímicas, generan unos rendimientos aproximadamente de 2 mol H2/mol glucosa. El artículo destaca que este proceso presenta ventajas significativas, como la utilización de materias primas renovables y la reducción de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero en comparación con los métodos tradicionales basados en combustibles fósiles. Además, se destaca la importancia del rol del ingeniero químico de cara a mejorar la eficiencia y la estabilidad del proceso, a superar los desafíos técnicos y a mitigar los efectos adversos sobre el medio ambiente.
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